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(单词翻译:双击或拖选)
UNIT 10
TEXT
In 1863 President Abraham Lincoln issued the Emancipation1 Proclamation freeing all slaves in the United States. One hundred years after this decree was signed, however, the life of blacks was still "sadly crippled by the manacles of segregation2 and the chains of discrimination." On August 28, 1963, a quarter of a million people of all races came to Washington, D. C. to show their support for freedom and justice for all Americans, and for black people in particular. At that demonstration3 Martin Luther King, Jr. delivered this famous speech, widely regarded as the most eloquent4 statement of the black people's dreams and aspirations5 ever made. Dr. King told the world, "I have a dream" that equality would come "to all of God's children." He said he wanted everyone to be able to "join hands and sing in the words of the old Negro spiritual, 'Free at last! Free at last!…'"
I Have a Dream
by Martin Luther King, Jr.
Five score years ago, a great American, in whose symbolic6 shadow we stand, signed the Emancipation Proclamation. This momentous7 decree came as a great beacon8 light of hope to millions of Negro salves who had been seared in the flames of withering9 injustice10. It came as a joyous11 daybreak to end the long night of captivity12.
But one hundred years later, we must face the tragic13 fact that the Negro is still not free. One hundred tears later, the life of the Negro is still sadly crippled by the manacles of segregation and the chains of discrimination. One hundred years later, the Negro lives on a lonely island of poverty in the midst of a vast ocean of material prosperity. One hundred years later, the Negro is still languishing14 in the corners of American society and finds himself an exile in his own land. So we have come here today to dramatize an appalling15 condition.
In a sense we have come to our nation's capital to cash a check. When the architects of our republic wrote the magnificent words of the Constitution and the Declaration of Independence, they were signing a promissory note to which every American was to fall heir. This note was a promise that all men would be guaranteed the inalienable rights of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.
It is obvious today that America has defaulted on this promissory note insofar as her citizens of color are concerned. Instead of honoring this sacred obligation, America has given the Negro people a bad check; a check which has come back marked "insufficient16 funds." But we refuse to believe that the bank of justice is bankrupt. We refuse to believe that there are insufficient funds in the great vaults17 of opportunity of this nation. So we have come to cash this check -- a check that will give us upon demand the riches of freedom and the security of justice. We have also come to this hallowed spot to remind America of the fierce urgency of now. This is no time to engage in the luxury of cooling off or to take the tranquilizing drug of gradualism. Now is the time to make real the promises of Democracy. Now is the time to rise from the dark and desolate18 valley of segregation to the sunlit path of racial justice. Now is the time to open the doors of opportunity to all of God's children. Now is the time to lift our nation from the quicksands of racial injustice to the solid rock of brotherhood19.
It would be fatal for the nation to overlook the urgency of the moment and to underestimate the determination of the Negro. This sweltering summer of the Negro's legitimate20 discontent will not pass until there is an invigorating autumn of freedom and equality. 1963 is not an end, but a beginning. There will be neither rest nor tranquility in America until the Negro is granted his citizenship21 rights. The whirlwind of revolt will continue to shake the foundations of our nation until the bright day of justice emerges.
But there is something I must say to my people who stand on the warm threshold which leads into the palace of justice. In the process of gaining our rightful place we must not be guilty of wrongful deeds. Let us not seek to satisfy our thirst for freedom by drinking from the cup of bitterness and hatred22. We must forever conduct our struggle on the high plane of dignity and discipline. We must not allow our creative protest to degenerate23 into physical violence. Again and again we must rise to the majestic24 heights of meeting physical force with soul force. The marvelous new militancy25 which people, for many of our white brothers, as evidenced by their presence here presence here today, have come to realize that their destiny is tied up with our destiny and their freedom is inextricably bound to our freedom. We cannot walk alone.
And as we walk, we must make the pledge that we shall always march ahead. We cannot turn back. There are those who are asking the devotees of civil rights, "When will you be satisfied?" We can never be satisfied as long as the Negro is the victim of the unspeakable horrors of police brutality27. We can never be satisfied as long as our bodies, heavy with the fatigue28 of travel, cannot gain lodging29 in the motels of the highways and the hotels of the cities. We can never be satisfied as long as our children are stripped of their selfhood and robbed of their dignity by signs stating "For Whites Only," We cannot be satisfied as long as the Negro's basic mobility30 is from a smaller ghetto31 to a larger one. We can never be satisfied as long as a Negro in Mississippi cannot vote and a Negro in New York believes he has nothing for which to vote. No, no, we are not satisfied, and we will not be satisfied until justice rolls down like waters and righteousness like a mighty32 stream.
I say to you today, my friends, that in spite of the difficulties and frustrations33 of the moment I still have a dream. It is a dream deeply rooted in the American dream.
I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed34: "We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal."
I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia the sons of former slaves and the sons of former slaveowners will be able to sit down together at the table of brotherhood.
I have a dream that even the state of Mississippi, a desert state sweltering with the heat of injustice and oppression, will be transformed into an oasis35 of freedom and justice.
I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character.
I have a dream today.
I have a dream that the state of Alabama will be transformed into a situation where little black boys and black girls will be able to join hands with little white boys and white girls and walk together as sisters and brothers.
I have a dream today.
I have a dream that one day every valley shall be exalted36, every hill and mountain shall be made low, the rough place will be made plain, and the crooked37 places will be made straight, and the glory of the Lord shall be revealed, and all flesh shall see it together.
This is our hope. This is the faith with which I return to the South. With this faith we will be able to hew38 out of the mountain of despair a stone of hope. With this faith we will be able to transform the jangling discords39 of our nation into a beautiful symphony of brotherhood. With this faith we will be able to work together, to pray together, to struggle together, to go to jail together, to stand up for freedom together, knowing that we will be free one day.
This will be the day when all of God's children will be able to sing with new meaning:
My country, tis of thee
Sweet land of liberty
Of thee I sing:
Land where my fathers died,
Land of the pilgrims' pride,
From every mountainside
Let freedom ring.
And if America is to be a great nation this must become true. So let freedom ring from the prodigious40 hilltops of New Hampshire! Let freedom ring from the heightening Alleghenies of Pennsylvania!
Let freedom ring from the snowcapped Rockies of Colorado!
Let freedom ring from the curvaceous slopes of California!
But not only that; let freedom ring from Stone Mountain of Georgia!
Let freedom ring from Lookout41 Mountain of Tennessee.
Let freedom ring from every hill and molehill of Mississippi. From every mountainside, let freedom ring.
When we let freedom ring, when we let it ring from every village and every hamlet, from every state and every city, we will be able to speed up that day when all of God's children, black men and white men, Jews and Gentiles, Protestants and Catholics, will be able to join hands and sing in the words of the old Negro spiritual, "Free at last! Free at last! Thank God Almighty43, we are free at last!"
NEW WORDS
Jr.
abbr. Junior, a term used with name of a son who has the same name as his father
symbolic
a. of, having to do with, or using symbols 象征（性）的
emancipation
n. the act or process of setting free from slavery
proclamation
n. an official public announcement 宣言，声明
proclaim
vt. announce publicly
momentous
n. very important or significant 重大的
momentum
n. the force or speed of a moving object 动量
decree
n. an official order; law 法令
beacon
n. a light used to guide or warn 灯塔；灯标
Negro
n. a person belonging to the black race
sear
vt. burn with a powerful heat 烧焦灼伤
flame
n. a glowing mass of light given off by a burning substance 火焰
wither
v. (cause to) dry up （使）枯萎
joyous
a. full of joy; joyful
daybreak
n. the time each morning when light first shows;
captivity
n. the state of being in prison or held against one's will 监禁；束缚
captive
vt. (a person) confined or held against his will
cripple
vt. injure so as to make useless 使伤残
manacle
n. (usu. pl.) either of a pair of iron rings joined by a chain, used for fastening the hands or feet of a prisoner 手铐；脚镣
segregation
vt. the separate of one racial group from the rest of society 种族隔离
segregate44
vt. separate or keep apart from others
discrimination
n. behavior marked by unfairness or injustice toward others because of color, religion, sex, or age 歧视
poverty
n. the condition of being poor
prosperity
n. success or good fortune
languish
vi. experience long suffering 受苦，受折磨
exile
n. forced removal from one's country or home; a person who has been forced to leave his country （被）流放（者）
appalling
a. shocking; extremely bad 骇人听闻的，极恶劣的
architect
n. a person who designs buildings and supervises their construction; a maker45; creator 建筑师；设计师；缔造者；创造者
independence
n. the condition or quality of being independent
promissory
a. containing or implying a promise
promissory note
a. written promise to pay a stated sum of money to a certain person at a certain time 期票
heir
n. a person who inherits or has the right to inherit the money or property of another 继承人
inalienable
a. cannot be taken away 不可剥夺的
liberty
n. freedom from the control or rule of another
pursuit
n. the act of pursuing; an occupation
default
vi. fail to do what is required
insofar
ad. to such an extent or degree
sacred
a. holy 神圣的
obligation
n. a duty one must carry out 义务，责任
insufficient
a. not enough
justice
n. the quality of being just or fair; fair treatment according to law or honor
bankrupt
a. unable to pay one's debts 破产的
vault
n. a room with strong walls, used for keeping valuables safe 金库，保管库
riches
n. great wealth
hallow
vt. make or treat as holy 使成神圣；把...视为神圣
urgency
n. need for immediate46 action or attention
tranquilize
vt. make or treat as holy
gradualism
n. the principle or method of gradual, as opposed to immediate, change
desolate
a. without people; lonely and sad 荒凉的;孤寂的
racial
a. of or having to do with race
quicksand
n. a naturally occurring mixture of sand and water into which anything resting on its surface sinks 流沙
brotherhood
n. close feeling or friendship among a group; fellowship
fatal
a. causing death; bringing danger or ruin
underestimate
vt. guess too low a value for; have too low an opinion of
determination
n. a strong and firm purpose 决心
sweltering
n. unpleasantly hot
swelter
v. oppress with, or suffer from, heat
legitimate
a. being or acting47 in agreement with the law; reasonable, fair 合法的；合理的
discontent
n. lack of satisfaction; restless unhappiness
invigorate
vt. to give a feeling of freshness and healthy strength to 使精力充沛；使健壮
equality
n. the condition of being equal
tranquility
n. calmness; peacefulness
citizenship
n. the state being a citizen
whirlwind
n. a strong wind that turns round and round 旋风
threshold
n. a piece of wood, or stone placed beneath a door; the place or point of beginning 门槛；开端
rightful
a. in accordance with is just or legally correct
wrongful
a. unjust; illegal
thirst
n. a desire for drink, knowledge, freedom, etc.
hatred
n. extremely strong dislike
discipline
n. orderly behavior resulting from training and obedience48 to rules
degenerate
vi. decline in physical, mental, or moral qualities 蜕化；堕落
majestic
a. dignified49 and noble 庄严的，壮丽的
majesty
n. a stately, grand appearance; splendor50 威严；壮丽
militancy
n. warlike behavior or tendency; militant51 spirit or policy
militant
a. aggressive; warlike
engulf
vt. flow over and swallow up; overwhelm 吞没；席卷
destiny
n. the fate or fortune of a person or thing
inextricably
ad. beyond disentanglement; inseparably 解不开地；不可分（割）地
devotee
n. a person who is strongly devoted52 to sth.
unspeakable
a. that can not be expressed in words; had or objectionable beyond description
horror
a strong feeling of dread53, shock, or fear; sb. or sth. that causes horror （引起）恐怖（的人或物）
brutality
n. brutal26 conduct; cruelty 暴行，残忍
brutal
a. cruel and harsh; savage54 残暴的，野蛮的
fatigue
n. a feeling of being tired
highway
n. a main public road
strip
vt. remove the clothing or a covering of (sb.); take away the title rights, office, or self-respect of (sb.)
selfhood
n. personal individuality; one's personality 个性，人格
mobility
n. the ability to move or be moved; the movement of people from one social group or status to another
ghetto
n. a section of a city, often a slum, in which members of a minority group live 少数民族聚居区；贫民区
righteousness
n. upright conduct; justice 正直；正义
mighty
a. having or showing great strength or size 强大的；浩大的
frustration
n. the act of frustrating55 or the condition of being frustrated56 挫折
slaveowner
n. an owner of slaves
oppression
n. the act or fact of oppressing; cruel or unjust treatment 压迫
oppress
vt. control or rule in an unjust or harsh way
transform
vt. change in form, nature, function, or appearance
oasis
vt. an area in a desert where there is water and plant life 绿洲
exalt
vt. raise to a higher level; elevate 提升
crooked
a. not straight; bent57 or curved 弯的，扭曲的
flesh
n. the human race; mankind
hew
vt. cut with an ax 砍，劈
despair
n. complete loss of hope or confidence 绝望
jangle
v. (cause to) sound harshly （使）发出嗓音
discord
n. lack of harmony in notes sounded at the same time; harsh, clashing sounds 不（谐）和；嘈杂声
symphony
n. a long musical composition written to be played by an orchestra; a large orchestra made up of string, wind, and percussion58 instruments 交响乐（团）
thee
pron. (old use) (object form of thou) you
pilgrim
n. a person who travels to a religious shrine59 or other sacred places; one of the English settlers who founded Plymouth, Massachusetts, in 1962 朝圣者；清教徒前辈移民
mountainside
n. the side or slope of a mountain
prodigious
a. wonderfully large, powerful, etc. 巨大的；惊人的；奇妙的
hilltop
n. the top of hill
heighten
v. make or become higher or greater
snowcapped
a. covered by snow at the top
curvaceous
a. rounded; attractively or well proportioned
slope
n. a surface that is not flat; a piece of ground going up or down
molehill
n. a small mound60 of earth thrown up by a mole42 digging underground 鼹鼠丘
hamlet
n. a small village
Jew
n. a person who is descended61 from the Hebrew people or whose religion is Judaism 犹太人
Gentile
n. a person who is not a Jew非犹太人；非犹太教徒
protestant
n. a Christian62 belonging to a church that broke away from the Roman Catholic Church in the 16th century 新教徒
Catholic
n. a member of the Roman Catholic Church 天主教徒
spiritual
n., a. a religious folk song sung originally by the black people; of the spirit rather than the body 黑人圣歌；精神（上）的
almighty
a. able to do everything; omnipotent63全能的
PHEASES & EXPRESSIONS
in a sense
in some ways but not in all; somewhat
fall heir to
inherit (money, title, property, etc.)
default on
fail to pay or do when due
remind of
cause (sb.) to remember, recall to sb.'s mind
cool off
make or become less warm, excited, ardent64, or interested
on the threshold (of)
about to experience
guilty of
responsible for (violation of law, morally unacceptable behavior, etc.)
tie up with
connect to; relate to
strip of
take (sth. of value) away from
live out
live through; experience; do the things one has thought about
stand up for
fight for
speed up
(cause to) go faster
PROPER NAMES
Martin Luther King, Jr.
小马丁.路德.金
Mississippi
密西西比（州）
Georgia
佐治亚（州）
Alabama
歪拄巴马（州）
New Hampshire
新罕布什尔（州）
Alleghenies, the
阿勒格尼山脉
Pennsylvania
宾夕法尼亚（州）
Rockies, the
落矶山脉
Colorado
科罗拉多（州）
Stone Mountain
斯通山
Lookout Mountain
卢考特山
Tennessee
田纳西（州）
收听单词发音 |
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emancipation
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| n.（从束缚、支配下）解放 | |
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segregation
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| n.隔离，种族隔离 | |
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demonstration
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| n.表明，示范，论证，示威 | |
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eloquent
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| adj.雄辩的，口才流利的；明白显示出的 | |
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aspirations
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| 强烈的愿望( aspiration的名词复数 )； 志向； 发送气音； 发 h 音 | |
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symbolic
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| adj.象征性的，符号的，象征主义的 | |
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momentous
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| adj.重要的，重大的 | |
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beacon
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| n.烽火，（警告用的）闪火灯，灯塔 | |
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withering
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| 使人畏缩的，使人害羞的，使人难堪的 | |
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injustice
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| n.非正义，不公正，不公平，侵犯（别人的）权利 | |
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joyous
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| adj.充满快乐的；令人高兴的 | |
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captivity
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| n.囚禁；被俘；束缚 | |
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tragic
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| adj.悲剧的，悲剧性的，悲惨的 | |
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languishing
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| a. 衰弱下去的 | |
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appalling
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| adj.骇人听闻的，令人震惊的，可怕的 | |
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insufficient
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| adj.(for，of)不足的，不够的 | |
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vaults
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| n.拱顶( vault的名词复数 )；地下室；撑物跳高；墓穴 | |
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desolate
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| adj.荒凉的，荒芜的；孤独的，凄凉的；v.使荒芜，使孤寂 | |
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brotherhood
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| n.兄弟般的关系，手中情谊 | |
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legitimate
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| adj.合法的，合理的，合乎逻辑的；v.使合法 | |
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citizenship
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| n.市民权，公民权，国民的义务(身份) | |
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hatred
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| n.憎恶，憎恨，仇恨 | |
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degenerate
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| v.退步，堕落；adj.退步的，堕落的；n.堕落者 | |
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majestic
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| adj.雄伟的，壮丽的，庄严的，威严的，崇高的 | |
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militancy
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| n.warlike behavior or tendency | |
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brutal
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| adj.残忍的，野蛮的，不讲理的 | |
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brutality
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| n.野蛮的行为，残忍，野蛮 | |
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fatigue
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| n.疲劳，劳累 | |
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lodging
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| n.寄宿，住所；(大学生的)校外宿舍 | |
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mobility
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| n.可动性，变动性，情感不定 | |
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ghetto
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| n.少数民族聚居区，贫民区 | |
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mighty
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| adj.强有力的；巨大的 | |
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frustrations
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| 挫折( frustration的名词复数 )； 失败； 挫败； 失意 | |
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creed
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| n.信条；信念，纲领 | |
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oasis
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| n.（沙漠中的）绿洲，宜人的地方 | |
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exalted
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| adj.(地位等)高的，崇高的；尊贵的，高尚的 | |
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crooked
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| adj.弯曲的；不诚实的，狡猾的，不正当的 | |
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hew
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| v.砍；伐；削 | |
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discords
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| 不和（discord的复数形式） | |
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prodigious
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| adj.惊人的，奇妙的；异常的；巨大的；庞大的 | |
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lookout
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| n.注意，前途，瞭望台 | |
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mole
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| n.胎块；痣；克分子 | |
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almighty
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| adj.全能的，万能的；很大的，很强的 | |
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segregate
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| adj.分离的，被隔离的；vt.使分离，使隔离 | |
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maker
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| n.制造者，制造商 | |
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immediate
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| adj.立即的；直接的，最接近的；紧靠的 | |
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acting
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| n.演戏，行为，假装；adj.代理的，临时的，演出用的 | |
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obedience
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| n.服从，顺从 | |
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dignified
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| a.可敬的，高贵的 | |
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splendor
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| n.光彩；壮丽，华丽；显赫，辉煌 | |
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51
militant
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| adj.激进的，好斗的；n.激进分子，斗士 | |
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52
devoted
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| adj.忠诚的，忠实的，热心的，献身于...的 | |
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53
dread
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| vt.担忧，忧虑；惧怕，不敢；n.担忧，畏惧 | |
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54
savage
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| adj.野蛮的；凶恶的，残暴的；n.未开化的人 | |
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55
frustrating
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| adj.产生挫折的，使人沮丧的，令人泄气的v.使不成功( frustrate的现在分词 )；挫败；使受挫折；令人沮丧 | |
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56
frustrated
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| adj.挫败的，失意的，泄气的v.使不成功( frustrate的过去式和过去分词 )；挫败；使受挫折；令人沮丧 | |
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57
bent
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| n.爱好，癖好；adj.弯的；决心的，一心的 | |
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58
percussion
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| n.打击乐器；冲突，撞击；震动，音响 | |
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59
shrine
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| n.圣地，神龛，庙；v.将...置于神龛内，把...奉为神圣 | |
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60
mound
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| n.土墩，堤，小山；v.筑堤，用土堆防卫 | |
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61
descended
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| a.为...后裔的，出身于...的 | |
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62
Christian
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| adj.基督教徒的；n.基督教徒 | |
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63
omnipotent
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| adj.全能的，万能的 | |
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64
ardent
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| adj.热情的，热烈的，强烈的，烈性的 | |
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