2023年经济学人 肯尼亚血液短缺和摆脱对援助的依赖(2)

In 2019 America stopped writing cheques as part of a long-running programme to wean African countries off their dependence¹ on aid for their blood services.

2019年，美国不再为这项长期计划提供资金，目的是让非洲国家摆脱对血液服务援助的依赖。

It had successfully done so in countries including Ethiopia and Tanzania, where governments picked up the full tab for their blood banks between 2014 and 2016.

它在埃塞俄比亚和坦桑尼亚等国成功地做到了这一点，这些国家的政府在2014年至2016年期间承担了本国血库的全部费用。

But in Kenya the government's share of spending on transfusion² centers declined.

但在肯尼亚，政府在血液中心的支出有所下降。

Money problems were exacerbated³ when covid-19 struck in 2020.

2020年新冠肺炎爆发后，资金问题进一步加剧。

With schools closed, blood drives cancelled and people urged to avoid mixing, donations slumped⁴.

由于学校停课，献血活动取消，人们被敦促保持社交距离，献血量大幅下降。

Between July 2019 and June 2020 Kenya's transfusion centers collected just 164,000 units, against an estimated need of 470,000-1m units.

2019年7月至2020年6月，肯尼亚的输血中心仅收集了16.4万份血液，而预计需要的血液量是47万至100万份。

Yet the crisis also brought an emergency infusion⁵ of cash from the World Bank.

然而，这场危机也导致世界银行对其进行了紧急注资。

Of $50m in concessional money allocated⁶ to help Kenya battle COVID, $10m was earmarked for improving its blood-transfusion infrastructure⁷, including 15 new blood banks (taking the total to 45) and frequent blood drives.

在分配给肯尼亚用于抗击新冠肺炎的5000万美元优惠资金中，有1000万美元专门用于改善其输血基础设施，包括新建15个血库（使总血库数量达到45个）以及举行更多献血活动。

It is paying off.

这些付出得到了回报。

In the 12 months to June 2022, Kenya collected 348,000 units of blood.

截至2022年6月的12个月里，肯尼亚收集了34.8万个单位的血液。

However, Kenya's reliance on concessional funding still leaves its blood banks in a precarious⁸ position: another sudden cut could once again leave Kenya anaemic, though with luck new blood donors⁹ such as Ms Mwinyiusi will become regular givers.

然而，由于肯尼亚对优惠资金的依赖，其血库仍处于岌岌可危的境地：资金的突然减少可能会让肯尼亚再次“贫血”，幸运的是，有姆温尤西等新的献血者决定开始定期献血。

"The good thing about donating blood," she says, "is that we are helping¹⁰ reduce the number of people suffering from high to low."

“献血的好处是，”她说，“我们能够让更多人摆脱血液短缺带来的病痛折磨。”

1 dependence   

n.依靠，依赖；信任，信赖；隶属

参考例句：

• Doctors keep trying to break her dependence of the drug.医生们尽力使她戒除毒瘾。
• He was freed from financial dependence on his parents.他在经济上摆脱了对父母的依赖。

2 transfusion   

n.输血，输液

参考例句：

• She soon came to her senses after a blood transfusion.输血后不久她就苏醒了。
• The doctor kept him alive by a blood transfusion.医生靠输血使他仍然活着。

3 exacerbated   

v.使恶化，使加重( exacerbate的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• The symptoms may be exacerbated by certain drugs. 这些症状可能会因为某些药物而加重。
• The drugs they gave her only exacerbated the pain. 他们给她吃的药只是加重了她的痛楚。 来自《简明英汉词典》

4 slumped   

大幅度下降，暴跌( slump的过去式和过去分词 )； 沉重或突然地落下[倒下]

参考例句：

• Sales have slumped this year. 今年销售量锐减。
• The driver was slumped exhausted over the wheel. 司机伏在方向盘上，疲惫得睡着了。

5 infusion   

n.灌输

参考例句：

• Old families need an infusion of new blood from time to time.古老的家族需要不时地注入新鲜血液。
• Careful observation of the infusion site is necessary.必须仔细观察输液部位。

6 allocated   

adj. 分配的 动词allocate的过去式和过去分词

参考例句：

• The Ford Foundation allocated millions of dollars for cancer research. 福特基金会拨款数百万美元用于癌症研究。
• More funds will now be allocated to charitable organizations. 现在会拨更多的资金给慈善组织。

7 infrastructure   

n.下部构造，下部组织，基础结构，基础设施

参考例句：

• We should step up the development of infrastructure for research.加强科学基础设施建设。
• We should strengthen cultural infrastructure and boost various types of popular culture.加强文化基础设施建设，发展各类群众文化。

8 precarious   

adj.不安定的，靠不住的；根据不足的

参考例句：

• Our financial situation had become precarious.我们的财务状况已变得不稳定了。
• He earned a precarious living as an artist.作为一个艺术家，他过得是朝不保夕的生活。

9 donors   

n.捐赠者( donor的名词复数 )；献血者；捐血者；器官捐献者

参考例句：

• Please email us to be removed from our active list of blood donors. 假如你想把自己的名字从献血联系人名单中删去，请给我们发电子邮件。
• About half this amount comes from individual donors and bequests. 这笔钱大约有一半来自个人捐赠及遗赠。 来自《简明英汉词典》

10 helping   

n.食物的一份&adj.帮助人的，辅助的

参考例句：

• The poor children regularly pony up for a second helping of my hamburger. 那些可怜的孩子们总是要求我把我的汉堡包再给他们一份。
• By doing this, they may at times be helping to restore competition. 这样一来, 他在某些时候,有助于竞争的加强。