历届美国总统介绍:第10任总统 约翰泰勒

 　　John Tyler was the tenth President of the United States, serving between 1841 and 1845. He was dubbed¹ "His Accidency" by his opponents because he was the first Vice²-President to be elevated to the office of President by the death of his predecessor³. Tyler was born in Virginia in 1790 on his father's plantation⁴. He studied law and was admitted to the bar at the age of 19, against bar regulations.

　　约翰·泰勒是美国第10任总统，任期自1841年至1845年。他是美国历史上第一位因在任总统逝世而以副总统继任总统的人，因此他被反对派戏称为“继任总统”。1790年，泰勒出生在弗吉尼亚他父亲的种植园里。他学过法律，并在19岁时被法院破格录用。

　　Tyler started his political career at an early age. At the age of 21, he was elected to the Virginia House of Delegates, where he served five successive one-year terms. He then went on to sit in the House of Representatives from 1816 to 1821. Tyler voted against most nationalist legislation. As a Senator he reluctantly supported Jackson for President as a choice between several evils.

　　泰勒很早便开始从政。21岁时，他入选弗吉尼亚议会，该职务任期为一年，他连任了五届。1816年至1821年，泰勒服务于美国众议院。他曾投票反对种族主义立法。身为参议员，他不愿支持杰克逊担任美国总统之职，他认为这是不利的选择。

　　约翰·泰勒.jpgThe Whigs nominated Tyler for Vice President in 1840, hoping for support from southern states. Suddenly, incumbent⁵ President Harrison was dead after just 30 days in office and Tyler was in the White House. He insisted upon assuming the full powers of a duly elected President and even delivered an Inaugural⁶ Address. He was to have a troubled time as president.

　　1840年，辉格党希望赢得南部各州的支持，将泰勒提名为美国副总统。意外的是，在任美国总统哈里森在就职仅30天后便逝世了，于是泰勒入驻了美国白宫。泰勒坚持要取得美国正式总统的所有权利，甚至还进行了总统就职演说。但他的总统当得并不是一帆风顺。

　　Tyler's cabinet resigned over his economic policy. They expelled him from his own party and sent him hundreds of letters threatening to assassinate⁷ him. The House of Representatives initiated⁸ the first impeachment⁹ proceedings¹⁰ against a president in U.S. history. It failed. He did succeed in keeping his promise to annex¹¹ the Republic of Texas, which became the 28th state in 1845. Tyler died in 1862, aged¹² 71.

　　因不满泰勒的经济政策，泰勒任命的内阁进行了集体辞职。他们将泰勒开除党外，并写了上百封信威胁要暗杀他。美国众议院还发起了美国有史以来的第一次总统弹劾活动。但这次弹劾活动以失败告终。泰勒成功地遵守了自己的诺言，使得德克萨斯共和国加入美国——1845年，德克萨斯成了美国第28个州。1862年，泰勒逝世，享年71岁。

1 dubbed   

v.给…起绰号( dub的过去式和过去分词 )；把…称为；配音；复制

参考例句：

• Mathematics was once dubbed the handmaiden of the sciences. 数学曾一度被视为各门科学的基础。
• Is the movie dubbed or does it have subtitles? 这部电影是配音的还是打字幕的？ 来自《简明英汉词典》

2 vice   

n.坏事；恶习；[pl.]台钳，老虎钳；adj.副的

参考例句：

• He guarded himself against vice.他避免染上坏习惯。
• They are sunk in the depth of vice.他们堕入了罪恶的深渊。

3 predecessor   

n.前辈，前任

参考例句：

• It will share the fate of its predecessor.它将遭受与前者同样的命运。
• The new ambassador is more mature than his predecessor.新大使比他的前任更成熟一些。

4 plantation   

n.种植园，大农场

参考例句：

• His father-in-law is a plantation manager.他岳父是个种植园经营者。
• The plantation owner has possessed himself of a vast piece of land.这个种植园主把大片土地占为己有。

5 incumbent   

adj.成为责任的，有义务的；现任的，在职的

参考例句：

• He defeated the incumbent governor by a large plurality.他以压倒多数票击败了现任州长。
• It is incumbent upon you to warn them.你有责任警告他们。

6 inaugural   

adj.就职的；n.就职典礼

参考例句：

• We listened to the President's inaugural speech on the radio yesterday.昨天我们通过无线电听了总统的就职演说。
• Professor Pearson gave the inaugural lecture in the new lecture theatre.皮尔逊教授在新的阶梯讲堂发表了启用演说。

7 assassinate   

vt.暗杀，行刺，中伤

参考例句：

• The police exposed a criminal plot to assassinate the president.警方侦破了一个行刺总统的阴谋。
• A plot to assassinate the banker has been uncovered by the police.暗杀银行家的密谋被警方侦破了。

8 initiated   

n. 创始人 adj. 新加入的 vt. 开始，创始，启蒙，介绍加入

参考例句：

• He has not yet been thoroughly initiated into the mysteries of computers. 他对计算机的奥秘尚未入门。
• The artist initiated the girl into the art world in France. 这个艺术家介绍这个女孩加入巴黎艺术界。

9 impeachment   

n.弹劾；控告；怀疑

参考例句：

• Impeachment is considered a drastic measure in the United States.在美国，弹劾被视为一种非常激烈的措施。
• The verdict resulting from his impeachment destroyed his political career.他遭弹劾后得到的判决毁了他的政治生涯。

10 proceedings   

n.进程，过程，议程；诉讼(程序)；公报

参考例句：

• He was released on bail pending committal proceedings. 他交保获释正在候审。
• to initiate legal proceedings against sb 对某人提起诉讼

11 annex   

vt.兼并，吞并；n.附属建筑物

参考例句：

• It plans to annex an England company in order to enlarge the market.它计划兼并一家英国公司以扩大市场。
• The annex has been built on to the main building.主楼配建有附属的建筑物。

12 aged   

adj.年老的，陈年的

参考例句：

• He had put on weight and aged a little.他胖了，也老点了。
• He is aged,but his memory is still good.他已年老，然而记忆力还好。