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走进剑桥大学 第34期:文科牛津和理科剑桥

时间:2016-07-25 05:05来源:互联网 提供网友:mapleleaf   字体: [ ]
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   Art and Science

  文科牛津和理科剑桥
  It is easy to stereotype1 the two institutions as having different strengths, for example, Oxford2 with politics and Cambridge with science. However, Cambridge has also produced distinguished3 politicians including Prime Minister Walpole, Baldwin and William Pitt, and Oxford graduates include noted-scientists such as Edmond Hailey, Robert Hooke and Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin (and more recently Tim Beraers-Lee, the inventor of the World Wide Web).
  人们常常认为牛津和剑桥有着各自的优势,例如,牛津在政治上优于剑桥,而剑桥在科学上胜过牛津。尽管如此,剑桥也出了不少有名的政治家,其中就包括三 位英国首相:沃波尔、鲍尔温和威廉,皮特;牛津也出了不少著名的科学家,如:埃德蒙哈雷、罗伯特胡克和多萝西霍奇金(更近一点的,还有万维网的发明者蒂姆伯纳斯李)。
  Affiliates4 of the University of Cambridge have won 87 Nobel prizes as of 2010,more than any other institution according to some counts. Former undergraduates of the university have won a grand total of 61 Nobel prizes, more than the undergraduates of any other university. Perhaps most of all, the university is renowned5 for a long and distinguished tradition in mathematics and the sciences.
  据统计,截止到2010年初,剑桥大学贏得了87个诺贝尔奖项,这比其他任何一个机构都要多。之前剑桥的本科生赢得了61个诺贝尔奖项,比任何大学的本科生获得的都要多。也许是因为,这所大学长久以来都在数学和科学领域有出色的表现。
  Among the most famous of Cambridge polymaths are Sir Isaac Newton. Besides, Sir Francis Bacon also spent part of his life there with pioneering mathematicians6 John Dee and Brook7 Taylor soon followed. Other ground-breaking mathematicians include Hardy8, Littlewood and De Morgan, three of the most renowned pure mathematicians in modern history. Perhaps most importantly of all, James Clerk Maxwell, who is also considered to have brought about the second great unification of Physics (the first being accredited9 to Newton) with his classical electromagnetic theory.
  剑桥最有名气的学者要算是艾萨克·牛顿了,此外还有弗朗西斯培根。此后,还有数学界的先驱约翰迪和布鲁克泰勒。此外,三位对数学界有着开拓性贡献的数学家,哈代,利特伍德和摩根也曾在剑桥大学学习。这三位是现代历史中最著名的理论数学家。也许最重要的还有詹姆士麦克斯韦,他的经典电磁理论通常被认为带来了物理学的第二次大一统(第一次是牛顿)。
  Another Cambridge scholar responsible for major developments in scientific understanding was Charles Darwin, the biologist who first suggested the theory of evolution. Later Cambridge biologists include Francis Crick and James D. Watson developed a model for the three-dimensional structure of DNA10 whilst working at the university's Cavendish Laboratory. More recently, Sir Ian Wilmut, the man who was responsible for the first cloning of a mammal with Dolly the Sheep in 1996,was an undergraduate at Darwin College.
  另外一位被认为对当今科学发展有着突出贡献的是首次提出了生物进化论的生物学家查尔斯达尔文。之后,剑桥的其他生物学家,如弗兰西斯克里克和詹姆士沃森在卡文迪什实验室工作的时候,建立了DNA的三维结构模型。更近一些的还有1996年第一只克隆哺乳动物“多利羊”的负责人,在达尔文学院获得了学士学位伊恩维尔穆特爵士。
  In addition to those big names, there are numerous famous scientists who have studied or taught in Cambridge, for example,physicist Stephen Hawking11, economist12 John Maynard Keynes, Besides, there are designer of the world's first computing13 system, discoverer of Hydrogen, discoverer of the neutron14, leader of the Manhattan Project, inventor of the atomic bornb, astronomers15, inventor of the jet engine, inventor of the camera and so on.
  除了这些知名人士之外,还有许多著名的科学家也曾经在剑桥学习或任教。例如, 物理学家史蒂芬霍金,经济学家约翰凯恩斯。此外,世界上第一个计算机系统的设计者、氢气的发现者、中子的发现者、曼哈顿计划的负责人、原子弹的发明者、天文学家,喷射发动机的发明者、照相机的发明者也都出自剑桥。
  Different from Cambridge, Oxford produced more politicians. Twenty-five British prime ministers have attended Oxford and At least thirty other international leaders have been educated at Oxford.
  和剑桥不同,牛津出了更多的政界名人。有25位英国首相都出自牛津,至少还有30余位世界其他国家的领导人在牛津留过学。

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1 stereotype rupwE     
n.固定的形象,陈规,老套,旧框框
参考例句:
  • He's my stereotype of a schoolteacher.他是我心目中的典型教师。
  • There's always been a stereotype about successful businessmen.人们对于成功商人一直都有一种固定印象。
2 Oxford Wmmz0a     
n.牛津(英国城市)
参考例句:
  • At present he has become a Professor of Chemistry at Oxford.他现在已是牛津大学的化学教授了。
  • This is where the road to Oxford joins the road to London.这是去牛津的路与去伦敦的路的汇合处。
3 distinguished wu9z3v     
adj.卓越的,杰出的,著名的
参考例句:
  • Elephants are distinguished from other animals by their long noses.大象以其长长的鼻子显示出与其他动物的不同。
  • A banquet was given in honor of the distinguished guests.宴会是为了向贵宾们致敬而举行的。
4 affiliates 8039227006b7ce850a1cb99be5471e50     
附属企业( affiliate的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • She affiliates with an academic society. 她是某学术团体的成员。
  • For example, these security affiliates participated in the floating of 19,000,000,000 of issues in 1927. 例如,这些证券发行机构在1927年的流通证券中,就提供了一百九十亿美元的证券。
5 renowned okSzVe     
adj.著名的,有名望的,声誉鹊起的
参考例句:
  • He is one of the world's renowned writers.他是世界上知名的作家之一。
  • She is renowned for her advocacy of human rights.她以提倡人权而闻名。
6 mathematicians bca28c194cb123ba0303d3afafc32cb4     
数学家( mathematician的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • Do you suppose our mathematicians are unequal to that? 你以为我们的数学家做不到这一点吗? 来自英汉文学
  • Mathematicians can solve problems with two variables. 数学家们可以用两个变数来解决问题。 来自哲学部分
7 brook PSIyg     
n.小河,溪;v.忍受,容让
参考例句:
  • In our room we could hear the murmur of a distant brook.在我们房间能听到远处小溪汩汩的流水声。
  • The brook trickled through the valley.小溪涓涓流过峡谷。
8 hardy EenxM     
adj.勇敢的,果断的,吃苦的;耐寒的
参考例句:
  • The kind of plant is a hardy annual.这种植物是耐寒的一年生植物。
  • He is a hardy person.他是一个能吃苦耐劳的人。
9 accredited 5611689a49c15a4c09d7c2a0665bf246     
adj.可接受的;可信任的;公认的;质量合格的v.相信( accredit的过去式和过去分词 );委托;委任;把…归结于
参考例句:
  • The discovery of distillation is usually accredited to the Arabs of the 11th century. 通常认为,蒸馏法是阿拉伯人在11世纪发明的。
  • Only accredited journalists were allowed entry. 只有正式认可的记者才获准入内。
10 DNA 4u3z1l     
(缩)deoxyribonucleic acid 脱氧核糖核酸
参考例句:
  • DNA is stored in the nucleus of a cell.脱氧核糖核酸储存于细胞的细胞核里。
  • Gene mutations are alterations in the DNA code.基因突变是指DNA密码的改变。
11 hawking ca928c4e13439b9aa979b863819d00de     
利用鹰行猎
参考例句:
  • He is hawking his goods everywhere. 他在到处兜售他的货物。
  • We obtain the event horizon and the Hawking spectrumformula. 得到了黑洞的局部事件视界位置和Hawking温度以及Klein—Gordon粒子的Hawking辐射谱。
12 economist AuhzVs     
n.经济学家,经济专家,节俭的人
参考例句:
  • He cast a professional economist's eyes on the problem.他以经济学行家的眼光审视这个问题。
  • He's an economist who thinks he knows all the answers.他是个经济学家,自以为什么都懂。
13 computing tvBzxs     
n.计算
参考例句:
  • to work in computing 从事信息处理
  • Back in the dark ages of computing, in about 1980, they started a software company. 早在计算机尚未普及的时代(约1980年),他们就创办了软件公司。
14 neutron neutron     
n.中子
参考例句:
  • Neutron is neutral and slightly heavier than the proton.中子是中性的,比质子略重。
  • Based on the neutron energy,the value of weighting factor was given.根据中子能量给出了相应的辐射权重因子的数值。
15 astronomers 569155f16962e086bd7de77deceefcbd     
n.天文学者,天文学家( astronomer的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • Astronomers can accurately foretell the date,time,and length of future eclipses. 天文学家能精确地预告未来日食月食的日期、时刻和时长。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • Astronomers used to ask why only Saturn has rings. 天文学家们过去一直感到奇怪,为什么只有土星有光环。 来自《简明英汉词典》
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