自考英语（二）60讲 Lesson 7

本讲为2007年上半年新的教学内容，请对照教材及练习册听录音！       1. The purpose of making a decision is _________ (establish) organizational goals.   2.    Although managers cannot predict the future, many of their decisions require that they _________ (consider) possible future events.   3. Since uncertainty1 is always there, risk _________ (accompany) decisions.   4. If there is no choice, there is no decision _________ (make).   5. Every decision has constraints2 _________ (base) on policies, procedures, laws and the like.       6. If no alternatives are seen, often it means that a thorough job of examining the problems _________ (not, do).   7. At the managerial level, decision making includes _________ (limit) alternatives.   8. _________(increase) funding for research may be more beneficial to the organization.   9. people often assume that a decision is an _________ (isolate) phenomenon.   10.When _________ (present) with a common case, different managers tend to see different problems.       1. Different managers define the same problem in different _________.   [A] items   [B] terms  [C] turns   [D] steps   2. The order and ________ of importance often vary from person to person.   [A] scale [B] range [C] amount  [D] degree   3. From a systems point of view, decisions have intended and unintended _________.   [A] sequences        [B] sequent       [C] consequences          [D] consequent   4. These constraints exist _________ all levels of the organization.   [A] at      [B] for   [C] in    [D] with       5. The best choice may depend on _________ makes the decision.   [A] who  [B] whom       [C] whose      [D] whoever   6. A decision is a choice made from among alternative courses of action that are ________.   [A] adequate          [B] apparent             [C] available           [D] attractive   7. often managers must try to leave as _________ as possible to chance.   [A] few   [B] little   [C] many [D] much       8. An organizational goal is an end the organization seeks to _________.   [A] arrive         [B] bring     [C] complete    [D] reach   9. The importance of multiple objectives is also based, _________, on the values of the decision maker3.   [A] in part      [B] in case                    [C] in hand     [D] in advance   10. Decision makers4 must have some way of determining _________ of several alternatives is best.   [A] what [B] any  [C] which            [D] some

1 uncertainty   

n.易变，靠不住，不确知，不确定的事物

参考例句：

• Her comments will add to the uncertainty of the situation.她的批评将会使局势更加不稳定。
• After six weeks of uncertainty,the strain was beginning to take its toll.6个星期的忐忑不安后，压力开始产生影响了。

2 constraints   

强制( constraint的名词复数 )； 限制； 约束

参考例句：

• Data and constraints can easily be changed to test theories. 信息库中的数据和限制条件可以轻易地改变以检验假设。 来自英汉非文学 - 科学史
• What are the constraints that each of these imply for any design? 这每种产品的要求和约束对于设计意味着什么？ 来自About Face 3交互设计精髓

3 maker   

n.制造者，制造商

参考例句：

• He is a trouble maker，You must be distant with him.他是个捣蛋鬼，你不要跟他在一起。
• A cabinet maker must be a master craftsman.家具木工必须是技艺高超的手艺人。

4 makers   

n.制造者，制造商（maker的复数形式）

参考例句：

• The makers of the product assured us that there had been no sacrifice of quality. 这一产品的制造商向我们保证说他们没有牺牲质量。
• The makers are about to launch out a new product. 制造商们马上要生产一种新产品。 来自《简明英汉词典》