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(单词翻译:双击或拖选)
VOICE ONE:
I'm Steve Ember.
VOICE TWO:
And I'm Shirley Griffith with EXPLORATIONS1 in VOA Special English. Today, we tell about Eleanor Creesy. She helped to guide one of the fastest sailing2 ships ever built.
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VOICE ONE:
A painting of the Flying Cloud
The name Eleanor Creesy is almost unknown today. But in the middle eighteen hundreds she was a famous woman. Those were the days of wooden sailing ships. It was a time before ships had engines. Cloth sails were used to catch the wind to move a ship through the water.
A ship that sailed from New York to San Francisco had to travel around the bottom of South America. Such a trip could take two hundred days to complete. Not all ships completed the trip. The high winds and angry seas in this area of the world created deadly storms. Ships often sank. No one could survive the freezing waters in this dangerous area if the ship went down.
VOICE TWO:
One hundred fifty years ago, women did not receive much education. Most women were expected to learn to read and write. But they almost never held positions of great responsibility4.
Eleanor Creesy was different. She was the navigator for a ship. A navigator is responsible5 for guiding a ship safely from one port to another.
Eleanor's father taught her to navigate6. She wanted to learn this difficult skill because she liked the mathematics7 involved. A navigator also had to know how to use a complex8 instrument called a sextant. It was used to gather information about the sun, moon, and some stars to find a ship's position at sea.
Eleanor married a captain of a ship, Josiah Perkins Creesy, in eighteen forty-one. It was not unusual for a ship captain to take his wife with him on long trips. A captain's wife often acted as a nurse, which Eleanor did. But she did a lot more. Josiah Creesy quickly learned9 that his wife was an extremely10 good navigator.
Eleanor was the navigator on each ship that Josiah commanded during all their years at sea. They were husband and wife, but they also enjoyed working together.
VOICE ONE:
Eleanor and Josiah Creesy are forever linked to one of the most famous ships in American history. That ship is the Flying Cloud. It was designed and built at the shipyard of Donald McKay in the eastern city of Boston. Grinell, Minturn and Company bought it. Captain Creesy worked for Grinell, Minturn. Company officials chose him to be the captain of the new ship.
The Flying Cloud was a new kind of ship. The front was very narrow and sharp. This helped it cut through the water. The ship itself was narrow and long. This also added11 to its speed. A New York newspaper wrote a story about the ship when it was new. The paper said it was extremely beautiful. The world soon learned it was one of the fastest sailing ships ever built.
The large number of sails the Flying Cloud could carry increased the speed of the ship. It usually carried at least twenty-one large sails. The crew12 often added many more to increase the speed.
VOICE TWO:
It was the second day of June, eighteen fifty-one. Goods and passengers had been loaded on the Flying Cloud. The ship quietly sailed out of New York City on its way to San Francisco.
Very quickly it became evident13 the ship was special. Part of Eleanor Creesy's work was to find out how far the ship had traveled each day. This involved doing complex mathematics and usually took Eleanor several hours. The first time she completed her work, she could not believe the results. She did the mathematics again, carefully looking for mistakes. There were none.
The ship had traveled almost four hundred eighty kilometers in twenty-four hours. This was an extremely fast speed. Few ships had ever sailed this fast.
VOICE ONE:
The captain of a ship keeps a written record of each day's events when a ship is at sea. This record is called a ship's log14. On May fifteenth, just seventeen days after leaving New York, Captain Creesy wrote this in the Flying Cloud's log:
"We have passed the Equator15 in two days less time than ever before. We have traveled five thousand nine hundred and nine kilometers in seventeen days!"
As the Flying Cloud sailed south, each day was extremely exciting. As it neared the South Atlantic, however, storms began to cause great concern.
For Eleanor Creesy to learn the correct position of the ship each day, she had to be able to see the sun, the moon or stars. This was impossible when the ship entered an area of storms. It was then that her greatest skill as a navigator became extremely important.
VOICE TWO:
When bad weather prevented navigators from seeing the sun, moon or stars, they had to use a method called "dead reckoning16" to find the ship's position.
Dead reckoning is not exact. A navigator would take the last known3 position of the ship, then add the ship's speed. The navigator also had to add any movement of the ship to the side caused by waves or the wind. But this information was only a guess. Even a good navigator could be wrong by many kilometers.
If a ship was sailing in the middle of the ocean, a navigator could make mistakes using dead reckoning and no harm would be done. However, when a ship was near land, dead reckoning became extremely dangerous. The ship might be much closer to land than the navigator knew. In a storm, the ship could be driven on to land and severely17 damaged or sunk. Using dead reckoning near the southern most area of South America called for an expert.
The Flying Cloud was near land at the end of the South American continent. Eleanor Creesy used all her skill to find a safe path for the huge ship.
VOICE ONE:
Captain Creesy was responsible for the safety of the Flying Cloud, the passengers and crew. He would be blamed for any serious accident. Most captains did their own navigating18. Perhaps no other captain sailing at that time would think to have a woman do this extremely important work. However, Josiah Creesy never questioned his wife's sailing directions.
He would often stand on the deck19 of his ship, in the cold rain and fierce20 winds. He would shout below to Missus Creesy and ask for a new sailing direction. She would quickly do the work required for a new dead reckoning direction and pass the information to her husband. Captain Creesy would give the orders to turn the big ship.
VOICE TWO:
The storm began to grow. The crew put out the fires used for heat and cooking. Fire was a great danger at sea. No fires were ever permitted21 on a ship during a storm. Not even lamps were lit. Everyone ate cold food. The temperatures were now near freezing.
Hour after hour Eleanor Creesy worked to find the ship's dead reckoning position.
When the storm ended, the crew of the Flying Cloud could see the very southern coast of South America -- a place called Tierra del Fuego. They could see the snow-covered mountains and huge amounts of blue ice. It was an area of deadly beauty. And, it was only eight kilometers away. Eleanor Creesy had guided the ship perfectly22.
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VOICE ONE:
The Flying Cloud sailed north toward23 San Francisco traveling at speeds no one thought possible. On July thirty-first, the ship traveled six hundred and one kilometers in only twenty-four hours. No ship had ever sailed that far in one day. The Flying Cloud had set a world record. That record belonged to the ship, the crew, the captain and the navigator.
On August thirty-first, the Flying Cloud sailed into San Francisco Bay24. The Flying Cloud had set a record for sailing from New York to San Francisco. It made the trip in eighty-nine days, and twenty-one hours. Newspapers across the country spread the news. Josiah and Eleanor Creesy were famous. Newspapers wrote stories about them and their beautiful ship. People wanted to meet them. But soon the two were back at sea.Two years later Captain Creesy and his wife again took the Flying Cloud from New York to San Francisco.
This time they made the trip in eighty-nine days, eight hours. This record would stand unbroken for more than one hundred years.
VOICE TWO:
Josiah and Eleanor Creesy went on to sail in other ships. They continued to work as a team until they left the sea in eighteen sixty-four. They retired25 to their home in Massachusetts.
Captain Josiah Creesy died in June of eighteen seventy-one. His wife lived until the beginning of the new century. She died at the age of eighty-five, in August of nineteen hundred.
Eleanor Creesy is remembered by anyone who loves the history of the sea. She is honored26 for her great skill as navigator of the Flying Cloud, one of the fastest sailing ships the world has ever seen.
(MUSIC)
VOICE ONE:
This program was written by Paul Thompson. It was produced by Cynthia Kirk. I'm Steve Ember.
VOICE ONE:
And I'm Shirley Griffith. You can read scripts27 and download audio28 on our Web29 site, voaspecialenglish.com. Join us again next week for EXPLORATIONS in VOA Special English.
1 explorations | |
探险旅行( exploration的名词复数 ); 搜寻; 考察; 勘探 | |
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2 sailing | |
n.航行,航海术,启航 | |
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3 known | |
adj.大家知道的;知名的,已知的 | |
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4 responsibility | |
n.责任,职责 | |
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5 responsible | |
adj.有责任的,应负责的;可靠的,可信赖的;责任重大的;vi.休息,睡;静止,停止 | |
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6 navigate | |
v.航行,飞行;导航,领航 | |
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7 mathematics | |
n.(用作单)数学;(用作单或复)计算(能力) | |
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8 complex | |
adj.复杂的,合成的,综合的;n.联合体 | |
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9 learned | |
adj.有学问的,博学的;learn的过去式和过去分词 | |
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10 extremely | |
adv.极其,非常,极度 | |
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11 added | |
adj.更多的,附加的,额外的 | |
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12 crew | |
n.全体船员,全体乘务员;vi.一起工作 | |
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13 evident | |
adj.明显的,显然的,明白的 | |
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14 log | |
n.记录,圆木,日志;v.伐木,切,航行 | |
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15 equator | |
n.赤道,(平分球形物体的面的)圆 | |
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16 reckoning | |
n.结帐;(喻)算帐;惩罚 | |
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17 severely | |
adv.严格地;严厉地;非常恶劣地 | |
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18 navigating | |
v.给(船舶、飞机等)引航,导航( navigate的现在分词 );(从海上、空中等)横越;横渡;飞跃 | |
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19 deck | |
n.甲板;公共汽车一层的车厢;纸牌;vt.装饰 | |
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20 fierce | |
adj.凶猛的,残忍的;狂热的,强烈的 | |
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21 permitted | |
允许( permit的过去式和过去分词 ); 许可; 许用 | |
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22 perfectly | |
adv.完美地,无可非议地,彻底地 | |
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23 toward | |
prep.对于,关于,接近,将近,向,朝 | |
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24 bay | |
n.海湾,狗吠声,月桂;vt.吠,使走投无路;vi.吠 | |
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25 retired | |
adj.隐退的,退休的,退役的 | |
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26 honored | |
adj.光荣的:荣幸的v.尊敬,给以荣誉( honor的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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27 scripts | |
剧本( script的名词复数 ); 文字; 笔迹; (一种语言的)字母系统 | |
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28 audio | |
n./adj.音频(响)(的);声音(的),听觉(的) | |
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29 web | |
n.网,蛛丝,蹼,织物,圈套,卷筒纸;vi.生蹼,形成网;vt.织蜘蛛网于,使落入圈套 | |
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