VOA健康报道2022 超半数已知人类传染病因气候变化而恶化

A new study finds climate events such as flooding, heat waves and drought worsen more than half of the known diseases that infect people.

一项新的研究发现，洪水、热浪和干旱等气候事件可使超半数已知人类传染病恶化。

These diseases include malaria¹, cholera² and anthrax.

这些疾病包括疟疾、霍乱和炭疽。

Researchers examined medical literature of established cases of such diseases.

研究人员查阅了已确定的此类疾病病例的医学文献。

They found out that 218 out of the known 375 human infectious diseases, or 58 percent, seemed to be made worse by extreme weather connected to climate change.

他们发现，在已知的375种人类传染病中，有218种（58%）似乎因与气候变化有关的极端天气而恶化。

The results appeared this week in the publication Nature Climate Change.

这项研究结果发表在本周的《自然气候变化》上。

The study connected more than 1000 pathways from climate events to sick people.

这项研究将1000多条由气候事件导致疾病的路径与病人联系起来。

In some cases, heavy rains and flooding sicken people through disease-carrying mosquitos, rats and deer.

在某些情况下，暴雨和洪水通过携带疾病的蚊子、老鼠和鹿使人们患病。

Other events, like warming oceans and heat waves, spoil seafood³ and droughts bring bats carrying viral infections to people.

其他事件，如海洋变暖和热浪会使海鲜变质，干旱会把携带传染病病毒的蝙蝠带给人类。

Medical doctors, going back to the days of ancient Greek civilization, have long connected disease to weather.

早在古希腊文明时期，医生们就将疾病与天气联系在一起。

But this study shows how widespread the influence of climate is on human health.

但这项研究表明，气候对人类健康的影响是多么地广泛。

“If climate is changing, the risk of these diseases are changing,” said study co-leader Dr. Jonathan Patz, director of the Global Health Institute at the University of Wisconsin-Madison.

该研究的共同负责人、威斯康星大学麦迪逊分校全球健康研究所所长乔纳森·帕茨博士说：“如果气候在变化，那么这些疾病的风险也在变化。”

Dr. Carlos del Rio is an Emory University infectious disease specialist who was not involved in the study.

卡洛斯·德尔·里奥博士是埃默里大学的传染病专家，他没有参与这项研究。

He said, “The findings of this study are terrifying and illustrate⁴ well the enormous consequences of climate change on human pathogens.”

他说：“这项研究的结果很可怕，很好地说明了气候变化对人类病原体造成的巨大后果。”

Del Rio said humans “need to all work together to prevent” disaster from climate change.

德尔·里奥说，人类“需要齐心协力防止”气候变化带来的灾难。

In addition to looking at infectious diseases, the researchers explored data on all kinds of human sicknesses, including non-infectious conditions like asthma⁵, allergies⁶ and animal bites.

除了研究传染病，研究人员还探讨了各种人类疾病（包括哮喘、过敏和动物叮咬等非传染性疾病）的数据。

They wanted to learn how many sicknesses could connect to climate events in some way.

他们想知道有多少疾病在某种程度上与气候事件有关。

They found a total of 286 unique sicknesses, and 223 of them seemed to be worsened by climate events.

他们发现总共有286种独特的疾病，其中223种疾病似乎因气候事件而恶化。

The study found nine of the conditions were reduced by climate events.

该研究发现，其中9种疾病因气候事件而减弱。

Camilo Mora, a climate data expert at the University of Hawaii, is a co-leader of the study.

夏威夷大学的气候数据专家卡米洛·莫拉是这项研究的联合负责人。

He said the study is not about predicting future cases.

他说，这项研究的目的并不是预测未来的病例。

“These are things that have already happened,” he noted⁷.

他指出：“这些都是已经发生的事情”。

One example Mora knows from his own experience.

莫拉从自己的经历中举了一个例子。

About five years ago, Mora’s home in rural Colombia was flooded, creating a breeding ground for mosquitoes.

大约5年前，莫拉在哥伦比亚农村的家被洪水淹没，那里成为了蚊子的滋生地。

Mora contracted Chikungunya, a virus spread by mosquito bites.

莫拉感染了奇昆古尼亚热病，一种通过蚊子叮咬传播的病毒。

He survived, but he still suffers pain related to the disease.

他虽然活了下来，但却仍然遭受着与该疾病相关的疼痛。

In another case, the remains⁸ of a reindeer⁹ dead from anthrax were unearthed¹⁰ as the Siberian permafrost melted from warming in 2016.

在另一个病例中，2016年西伯利亚永冻土层因天气变暖而融化时，发现了一只死于炭疽的驯鹿的遗骸。

A child touched the dead animal, got anthrax, and an outbreak spread.

一个孩子摸了那只死了的动物，得了炭疽病，随后爆发了炭疽病疫情。

Dr. Aaron Bernstein is with the Center for Climate, Health, and the Global Environment at Harvard School of Public Health.

亚伦·伯恩斯坦博士就职于哈佛大学公共卫生学院气候、健康和全球环境中心。

He and other outside experts said the study is a good warning about climate and health for now and the future.

他和其他外部专家表示，这项研究对现在和未来的气候和健康是一个很好的警告。

Bernstein added in an email, “But of course, it only reports on what we already know and what’s yet unknown about pathogens may be yet more compelling about how preventing further climate change may prevent future disasters like COVID-19.”

伯恩斯坦在一封电子邮件中补充道：“但当然，它只报告了我们已经知道的情况，而有关病原体的未知情况可能会更有说服力，说明防止进一步的气候变化可能会阻止未来发生诸如新冠疫情之类的灾难。”

I'm Caty Weaver¹¹.

凯蒂·韦弗为您播报。

1 malaria   

n.疟疾

参考例句：

• He had frequent attacks of malaria.他常患疟疾。
• Malaria is a kind of serious malady.疟疾是一种严重的疾病。

2 cholera   

n.霍乱

参考例句：

• The cholera outbreak has been contained.霍乱的发生已被控制住了。
• Cholera spread like wildfire through the camps.霍乱在营地里迅速传播。

3 seafood   

n.海产食品，海味，海鲜

参考例句：

• There's an excellent seafood restaurant near here.离这儿不远有家非常不错的海鲜馆。
• Shrimps are a popular type of seafood.小虾是比较普遍的一种海味。

4 illustrate   

v.举例说明，阐明；图解，加插图

参考例句：

• The company's bank statements illustrate its success.这家公司的银行报表说明了它的成功。
• This diagram will illustrate what I mean.这个图表可说明我的意思。

5 asthma   

n.气喘病，哮喘病

参考例句：

• I think he's having an asthma attack.我想他现在是哮喘病发作了。
• Its presence in allergic asthma is well known.它在过敏性气喘中的存在是大家很熟悉的。

6 allergies   

n.[医]过敏症；[口]厌恶，反感；（对食物、花粉、虫咬等的）过敏症( allergy的名词复数 )；变态反应，变应性

参考例句：

• Food allergies can result in an enormous variety of different symptoms. 食物过敏会引发很多不同的症状。 来自辞典例句
• Let us, however, examine one of the most common allergies; hayfever. 现在让我们来看看最常见的变态反应的一种--枯草热。 来自辞典例句

7 noted   

adj.著名的，知名的

参考例句：

• The local hotel is noted for its good table.当地的那家酒店以餐食精美而著称。
• Jim is noted for arriving late for work.吉姆上班迟到出了名。

8 remains   

n.剩余物，残留物；遗体，遗迹

参考例句：

• He ate the remains of food hungrily.他狼吞虎咽地吃剩余的食物。
• The remains of the meal were fed to the dog.残羹剩饭喂狗了。

9 reindeer   

n.驯鹿

参考例句：

• The herd of reindeer was being trailed by a pack of wolves.那群驯鹿被一只狼群寻踪追赶上来。
• The life of the Reindeer men was a frontier life.驯鹿时代人的生活是一种边区生活。

10 unearthed   

出土的（考古）

参考例句：

• Many unearthed cultural relics are set forth in the exhibition hall. 展览馆里陈列着许多出土文物。
• Some utensils were in a state of decay when they were unearthed. 有些器皿在出土时已经残破。

11 weaver   

n.织布工；编织者

参考例句：

• She was a fast weaver and the cloth was very good.她织布织得很快，而且布的质量很好。
• The eager weaver did not notice my confusion.热心的纺织工人没有注意到我的狼狈相。