Composting

By Gary Garriott
Broadcast: July 22, 2003
This is Robert Covent with the VOA Special English Agriculture Report.
Many farmers around the world are 1)composting to improve their soil so they can produce better crops. Composting is the mixing of plant or animal wastes so they break down and produce simpler substances.
Farmers add compost to their soils instead of burning the plant and animal wastes or throwing them away. Compost is an example of a natural organic fertilizer. Organic fertilizers help to make soils rich so that they produce more crops for a longer time.
During the growing season, plants take gases from the air such as carbon, 2)hydrogen and oxygen. They combine these gases with minerals from the soil.
After the growing season ends, many parts of the plant die. Farmers gather a large amount of dead plant materials into small hills called compost piles. They may add animal wastes. They must add water so the materials will break down or 3)decay¹.
Soon the plants are attacked by insects and organisms including worms and 4)bacteria. Oxygen helps the organisms change the plant materials more rapidly. The plants decay into a mixture that can be spread on the farmland where the crops are growing. The compost returns needed 5)nutrients to the soil.
Some rules need to be followed to produce the best quality compost. Good compost piles need water to speed the process of decay. Yet the piles should not be too wet or the plant material will be ruined. The temperature of the compost pile should not be too high or too low. The best temperature for a compost pile is about thirty to thirty-seven degrees 6)Celsius³. You can turn the pile over and over to help cool down the material, and add more oxygen to the mixture which helps it decay.
Sometimes small animals such as rats and mice like to eat the composting materials. This can be prevented if you add a thin amount of soil to the top of the compost pile.
Farmers who use compost can increase the amount and quality of their crops. Computer users can find more information about composting from Volunteers in Technical Assistance or VITA.
VITA helps people around the world use science and technology to solve problems. Their Internet address is www.vita.org.
This VOA Special English Agriculture Report was written by Gary Garriott. This is Robert Covent.

注释：
1) compost [5kRmpRst] vt.施肥；给…施堆肥
2) hydrogen [5haidrEudVEn] n.氢
3) decay [di5kei] vi.衰减, 衰退
4) bacteria [bAk5tiEriE] n.细菌
5) nutrient² [5nju:triEnt] n.营养物
6) Celsius [5selsjEs] adj.摄氏的

1 decay   

vi.腐烂，衰落；n.腐烂，腐朽，衰败状态

参考例句：

• The vegetables have begun to decay.那些蔬菜已开始腐烂。
• Our powers decay in old age.我们的体力在老年时就衰退。

2 nutrient   

adj.营养的，滋养的；n.营养物，营养品

参考例句：

• Magnesium is the nutrient element in plant growth.镁是植物生长的营养要素。
• The roots transmit moisture and nutrient to the trunk and branches.根将水分和养料输送到干和枝。

3 Celsius   

adj.摄氏温度计的，摄氏的

参考例句：

• The temperature tonight will fall to seven degrees Celsius.今晚气温将下降到七摄氏度。
• The maximum temperature in July may be 36 degrees Celsius.七月份最高温度可能达到36摄氏度。