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(单词翻译:双击或拖选)
WORDS AND THEIR STORIES - Soldier
By Jerilyn Watson
Broadcast: Sunday, May 29, 2005
This is Feel Marvin with Words and their Stories, a program in Special English on the Voice of America. We tell about some common expressions in American English.
A leatherneck or a grunt1 do not sound like nice names to call someone. Yet men and women who serve in the United2 States armed forces are proud of those names. And if you think they sound strange, consider doughboy and GI Joe.
After the American Civil War in the 1860s, a writer in a publication3 called Beetles4 Monthly5 used the word "doughboy" to describe Civil War soldiers, but word expert Charles Funk says that early writer could not explain where the name started.
About 20 years later, someone did explain. She was the wife of the famous American General George Custer. Elizabeth Custer wrote that a doughboy was a sweet food served to navy6 men on ships. She also said the name was given to the large buttons on the clothes of soldiers. Elizabeth Custer believed the name changed over time to mean the soldiers themselves.
Now, we probably most often think of doughboys as the soldiers who fought for the allies7 in World War I. By World War II, soldiers were called other names. The one most often heard was GI or GI Joe. Most people say the letters "GI" were a short way to say general issue8, or government issue. The name came to mean several things. It could mean the solider himself. It could mean things given to soldiers when they joined the military9, such as weapons, equipment or clothes. And for some reason, it could mean to organize or clean. Soldiers often say we GI'd the place. And when an area looks good, soldiers may say the area is GI.
Strangely though, GI can also mean poor work, a job badly done. Some students of military words have another explanation of GI. They say that instead of government issue or general issue, GI came from the words galvanized iron10. The American soldier was said to be like galvanized iron, a material produced for special strength.
The dictionary of soldier talk says GI was used for the words galvanized iron in a publication about the vehicles11 of the early 20th century. Today a doughboy or GI may be called a grunt. Nobody is sure of the exact beginning of the word, but the best idea probably is that the name comes from the sound that troops12 make when ordered to march long distances carrying heavy equipment.
A member of the United States Marines also has a strange name---leatherneck. It is thought to have started in the 1800s. Some say the name comes from the thick collars13 of leather; early marines wore around their necks to protect them from cuts during battles. Others say the sun burned the marines' necks until their skin looked like leather.
This Special English program Words and their Stories was written by Jerilyn Watson. I am Feel Marvin.
1 grunt | |
v.嘟哝;作呼噜声;n.呼噜声,嘟哝 | |
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2 united | |
adj.和谐的;团结的;联合的,统一的 | |
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3 publication | |
n.出版,发行;出版;公布,发表 | |
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4 beetles | |
n.甲虫( beetle的名词复数 ) | |
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5 monthly | |
adj.每月的,持续一个月的,每月发生的;adv.每月,按月; n.月刊;(复数)monthlies:月经 | |
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6 navy | |
n.海军,海军人员,海军军力,藏青色 | |
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7 allies | |
联盟国,同盟者; 同盟国,同盟者( ally的名词复数 ); 支持者; 盟军 | |
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8 issue | |
n.出版,发行,(报刊等)期、号,论点,问题,结果, (水,血等的)流出;vt.使流出,放出,发行(钞票等),发布(命令),出版(书等)发给;vi.发行,流出,造成...结果,进行辩护,传下 | |
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9 military | |
n.军队;adj.军事的,军人的,好战的 | |
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10 iron | |
n.铁,熨斗,坚强,烙铁,镣铐;vt.烫平,熨,用铁包;vi. 烫衣服 | |
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11 vehicles | |
n.运载工具;传播媒介;(为展露演员才华而)特意编写的一出戏(或电影等);[画]展色剂;交通工具( vehicle的名词复数 );车辆;传播媒介;手段 | |
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12 troops | |
n.troop(复数)部队,军队 | |
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13 collars | |
衣领( collar的名词复数 ); 领子; (狗等的)项圈; (管子或机器部件的)圈 | |
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