VOA常速英语2021--饱受伊朗政府蹂躏的LGBTQI社群

Next, an editorial reflecting the views of the U.S. government.A new UN report on human rights conditions in Iran paints a bleak¹ and disturbing picture. UN Special Rapporteur on the Situation of Human Rights in Iran Javaid Rehman expressed concern over a wide range of violations², among them the treatment of lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender persons, including children.The LGBTQI+ community in Iran faces severe abuse and harassment⁴ by authorities. Consensual sexual activity between adults of the same sex is criminalized in Iran, and the death sentence can be imposed as a penalty. Special Rapporteur Rehman wrote in his report, “The criminalization of same-sex consensual acts legitimizes violence by State actors and private individuals, including the use of torture, beatings and rape⁵ by law enforcement and vigilantes.”Of particularly great concern, Mr. Rehman cited reports that LGBTQI+ children were subjected to electric shocks, the administration of hormones⁶ and strong psychoactive medications – practices, the UN report said, that “amount to torture and cruel, inhuman⁷ and degrading treatment, and violate the State’s obligations under the International Covenant⁸ on Civil and Political Rights and the Convention on the Rights of the child.”

以下是一篇反映美国政府政策立场的社论。联合国的一份关于伊朗人权状况的最新报告描绘了当地严峻而令人不安的状况。联合国伊朗人权状况特别报告员贾瓦德·拉赫曼对一系列侵犯人权的行为表示关切，其中包括对虐待女同性恋、男同性恋、双性恋、变性人以及儿童等。伊朗的LGBTQI群体面临当局的严重虐待和骚扰。在伊朗，同性成年人之间自愿的性行为被定为犯罪，可能被判处死刑。特别报告员拉赫曼在报告中写道，“将同性自愿行为定为犯罪致使国家行为人和个人的暴力合法化，其中包括执法机构和治安人员使用的酷刑、殴打和强奸。”拉赫曼指出了伊朗尤其令人担忧的状况，据报道，LGBTQI群体和儿童遭受电击、服用激素和神经药剂。联合国的报告称，这些做法“构成酷刑和残害，非人道和侮辱的对待，违反伊朗对《公民及政治权利国际公约》和《儿童权利公约》所承担的义务。”

The U.S. State Department’s most recent human rights report on Iran also noted⁹ violations targeting the LGBTQI+ community, including death or flogging as punishments for consensual sexual activity, as well as summary trials for those accused of “sodomy.” Additionally, the State Department noted that security forces “harassed, arrested and detained individuals they suspected of being LGBTI” and cited reports from NGOs that “authorities pressured LGBTI persons to undergo gender³ reassignment surgery.”On February 4, 2021, President Joe Biden signed a presidential memorandum¹⁰ which declared, “It shall be the policy of the United States to pursue an end to violence and discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation¹¹, gender identity or expression, or sex characteristics, and to lead by the power of our example in the cause of advancing the human rights of LGBTQI+ persons around the world.”In a statement on the same day, Secretary of State Antony Blinken called the struggle to end the abuses committed against LGBTQI+ persons “a global challenge that remains¹² central to our commitment to promote human rights and fundamental freedoms for all individuals.”The United States urges all countries, including Iran, to repeal¹³ laws that criminalize individuals on the basis of sexual identity and/or gender identity. As Secretary Blinken has made clear, “advancing human rights for all individuals, with no exception or caveat¹⁴, is a U.S. foreign policy priority.”That was an editorial reflecting the views of the U.S. government.

美国国务院最近一份关于伊朗的人权报告还指出了伊朗针对LGBTQI社群的侵犯行为，包括对双方自愿性行为判处死刑或鞭笞，以及对被控猥亵者进行简易审判。此外，国务院报告还指出，安全部队“对被怀疑是LGBTQI社群的人员进行骚扰、逮捕和拘留，”并引述非政府组织的报告称，“当局向LGBTQI人员施压，要求他们接受性别重置手术。”2021年2月4日，乔·拜登总统签署了一份总统备忘录，声明：“美国的政策是终止基于性取向、性别认同、表达方式或性别特征的暴力和歧视，并以我们的典范力量来引领世界各地促进LGBTQI社群人士的人权事业。”国务卿布林肯同天在一份声明中说，终止侵犯LGBTQI社群人员权利的斗争“是一项全球挑战，对我们促进所有人的人权和基本自由的承诺仍然至关重要。”美国敦促包括伊朗在内的所有国家废除以性向认同或性别认同为由对个人进行刑事惩罪的法律。正如布林肯国务卿明确指出的那样，“无例外或无警告地推进所有个体的人权，这是美国外交政策要务。”这是一篇反映美国政府政策立场的社论。

1 bleak   

adj.(天气)阴冷的；凄凉的；暗淡的

参考例句：

• They showed me into a bleak waiting room.他们引我来到一间阴冷的会客室。
• The company's prospects look pretty bleak.这家公司的前景异常暗淡。

2 violations   

违反( violation的名词复数 )； 冒犯； 违反（行为、事例）； 强奸

参考例句：

• This is one of the commonest traffic violations. 这是常见的违反交通规则之例。
• These violations of the code must cease forthwith. 这些违犯法规的行为必须立即停止。

3 gender   

n.（生理上的）性，（名词、代词等的）性

参考例句：

• French differs from English in having gender for all nouns.法语不同于英语，所有的名词都有性。
• Women are sometimes denied opportunities solely because of their gender.妇女有时仅仅因为性别而无法获得种种机会。

4 harassment   

n.骚扰，扰乱，烦恼，烦乱

参考例句：

• She often got telephone harassment at night these days.这些天她经常在夜晚受到电话骚扰。
• The company prohibits any form of harassment.公司禁止任何形式的骚扰行为。

5 rape   

n.抢夺，掠夺，强奸；vt.掠夺，抢夺，强奸

参考例句：

• The rape of the countryside had a profound ravage on them.对乡村的掠夺给他们造成严重创伤。
• He was brought to court and charged with rape.他被带到法庭并被指控犯有强奸罪。

6 hormones   

n. 荷尔蒙，激素 名词hormone的复数形式

参考例句：

• This hormone interacts closely with other hormones in the body. 这种荷尔蒙与体內其他荷尔蒙紧密地相互作用。
• The adrenals produce a large per cent of a man's sex hormones. 肾上腺分泌人体的大部分性激素。

7 inhuman   

adj.残忍的，不人道的，无人性的

参考例句：

• We must unite the workers in fighting against inhuman conditions.我们必须使工人们团结起来反对那些难以忍受的工作条件。
• It was inhuman to refuse him permission to see his wife.不容许他去看自己的妻子是太不近人情了。

8 covenant   

n.盟约，契约；v.订盟约

参考例句：

• They refused to covenant with my father for the property.他们不愿与我父亲订立财产契约。
• The money was given to us by deed of covenant.这笔钱是根据契约书付给我们的。

9 noted   

adj.著名的，知名的

参考例句：

• The local hotel is noted for its good table.当地的那家酒店以餐食精美而著称。
• Jim is noted for arriving late for work.吉姆上班迟到出了名。

10 memorandum   

n.备忘录，便笺

参考例句：

• The memorandum was dated 23 August,2008.备忘录上注明的日期是2008年8月23日。
• The Secretary notes down the date of the meeting in her memorandum book.秘书把会议日期都写在记事本上。

11 orientation   

n.方向，目标；熟悉，适应，情况介绍

参考例句：

• Children need some orientation when they go to school.小孩子上学时需要适应。
• The traveller found his orientation with the aid of a good map.旅行者借助一幅好地图得知自己的方向。

12 remains   

n.剩余物，残留物；遗体，遗迹

参考例句：

• He ate the remains of food hungrily.他狼吞虎咽地吃剩余的食物。
• The remains of the meal were fed to the dog.残羹剩饭喂狗了。

13 repeal   

n.废止，撤消；v.废止，撤消

参考例句：

• He plans to repeal a number of current policies.他计划废除一些当前的政策。
• He has made out a strong case for the repeal of the law.他提出强有力的理由，赞成废除该法令。

14 caveat   

n.警告； 防止误解的说明

参考例句：

• I would offer a caveat for those who want to join me in the dual calling.为防止发生误解，我想对那些想要步我后尘的人提出警告。
• As I have written before,that's quite a caveat.正如我以前所写，那确实是个警告。